What is hip replacement surgery?

Hip replacement surgery is a procedure in which a surgeon makes an incision over the side of the thigh, removes the diseased parts of the hip joint, and replaces them with new, artificial parts. These parts mimic the way a normal hip joint works. The pieces may be made of metal, plastic, ceramic, or a combination of these materials.

The goals of hip replacement surgery include:

• Relieve pain from the damaged or diseased hip joint.
• Improve the way the hip joint works.
• Help you move better.

During a hip replacement, the surgeon tries to use the smallest incision possible to limit the amount of injury to the soft tissue and bone.

Why do people need hip replacement surgery?

Hip replacement surgery is usually needed to repair damage to the hip joint from:

• Osteoarthritis.
• Rheumatoid arthritis.
• Osteonecrosis.
• Injuries or broken bones from trauma or disease.

Your doctor may recommend that you try other treatments before having hip replacement surgery, including:

• Pain medications.
• Physical therapy and exercise programs.
• Activity changes to limit strain on your hip.
• Assistive devices such as a cane, crutch, or walker.

You and your doctor will determine the best treatment for you, depending on your health history and the risks associated with the surgery.

How do I prepare for hip replacement surgery?

Getting ready for hip replacement surgery begins several weeks or more before the actual surgery. Being as healthy as possible before your surgery can help you recover. Here are some things you can do to help you prepare for surgery and recovery:

• Speak with your surgeon and other health care team members about what to expect. Request written information when possible so that you can review it later if needed.
• Ask your surgeon about exercises you can do before surgery to help you get stronger.
• If you smoke, try to quit or cut back.
• If you are overweight, try to lose weight. Being overweight can increase the chance of having problems during or after surgery.
• Set up transportation for your surgery and any follow-up visits.
• Ask for help around the house for a week or two after coming home. This may include help with cooking, shopping, and laundry.
• Make meals in advance.
• Set up an area in your home where you will spend most of your time recovering. You may want to: 
  • Keep the television remote control, telephone, cell phone, medicine, tissues, and wastebasket close by.
  • Place other items you use every day at arm’s level so you can easily reach them.
  • Wear an apron with pockets for carrying things around the house. This leaves hands and arms free for balance or to use crutches.
  • Use a long-handled “reacher” to turn on lights or grab things that are beyond arm’s length.
• Speak to your health care team about equipment that may help with daily activities such as:
  • Safety bars in the bathroom.
  • Raised toilet seat.
  • Shower chair or bench to use during bathing.
  • Devices to help you move around, such as a walker or crutches.